9.  The Nature of Autism
1 - Behavior & the brain
2 - Working hypothesis
3 - Genetics
4 - The brain & energy metabolism
5 - Toxic substances & infection

10. Language and Hearing
1 - The most essential developmental task
2 - Decoding auditory signals
3 - Motor aphasia
4 - Sensory aphasia
5 - Word deafness and the inferior colliculi

11. The Auditory System
1 - Anatomy, connections, & development
2 - Site of highest cerebral circulation
3 - Site of highest metabolic activity
4 - Relationship to other sensory systems
5 - Unitary function and sense of ego
6 - Development of social awareness and language

12. Brainstem Nuclei of High
    Metabolic Rate
1 - Continuous vigilance even during sleep
2 - Mammillary bodies, hippocampus, cerebellum
3 - Wernicke's encephalopathy
4 - Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency
5 - Brainstem damage, and terminology
6 - The brain-gut relationship
7 - Vulnerability to metabolic disruption
8 - Importance of auditory nuclei
9 - Investigation of auditory impairment.

13. Perinatal Vulnerability
1 - Puzzling results of research on asphyxia at birth
2 - Two patterns of pathology and their causes
3 - Hemoglobin and the Bohr effect
4 - Degrees of severity
5 - Kernicterus and other additive factors
14. Brainstem Damage
    (damage in cases of neonatal death)
1 - Natsume et al. (1995) and Roland et al. (1988)
2 - Norman (1972)
3 - Griffiths & Laurence (1974) and Grunnet et al. (1974)
4 - Schneider et al. (1975)
5 - Leech & Alvord (1977) and Gilles (1963)

15. Neuropathology in Autism           
1 - Creak (1963) and Williams et al. (1980)                
2 - Rodier et al. (1996) and Coleman et al. (1985)     
3 - Ritvo et al. (1986)                                                
4 - Bailey et al. (1998) and Kemper & Bauman (1998)
5 - Brain size and fetal alcohol syndrome
6 - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
7 - Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

16. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
    (prenatal exposure to alcohol
    & drugs)
1 - Effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol
2 - Language disorders and physical anomalies
3 - Fetal alcohol syndrome and autism
4 - Teratogenic medications

17. Autism and Phenylketonuria (PKU)
1 - Toxic metabolites from an aberrant liver enzyme
2 - Maternal PKU

18. Regressive Autism
    (autism and disintegrative disorder)
1 - Heller and Landau-Kleffner disorders
2 - Rett and :Leigh syndromes
3 - Schizophrenia spectrum disorders
III.  EVIDENCE  OF  NEUROLOGICAL  IMPAIRMENTS